← home / Tools / Baseline and follow-up surveys (2, 7 and 12 years)⚙● toolBaseline and follow-up surveys (2, 7 and 12 years)Practices that use itGiveDirectly's universal basic income in Kenya (12-year study)The world's largest universal basic income (UBI) experiment: since 2017 GiveDirectly has been transferring unconditional payments via mobile money (~US$0.75/adult/day) to villages in Siaya and Bomet. Village-level randomized design: long-term UBI (12 years, 44 villages), short-term UBI (2 years, 80 villages), lump sum (~US$500, 71 villages) and control (100 villages); 295 villages and ~14,474 households. Two-year results (NBER, Dec 2023) show economic and psychological improvements with no work disincentive.● Active· scale subnational
