← home / Tools / M-PESA payment platform⚙● toolM-PESA payment platformPractices that use itGiveDirectly's universal basic income in Kenya (12-year study)The world's largest universal basic income (UBI) experiment: since 2017 GiveDirectly has been transferring unconditional payments via mobile money (~US$0.75/adult/day) to villages in Siaya and Bomet. Village-level randomized design: long-term UBI (12 years, 44 villages), short-term UBI (2 years, 80 villages), lump sum (~US$500, 71 villages) and control (100 villages); 295 villages and ~14,474 households. Two-year results (NBER, Dec 2023) show economic and psychological improvements with no work disincentive.● Active· scale subnational
